CHAPTER 10: UPPER-MIDDLE-CLASS POLITICS AND POLICY OUTCOMES: DOES CLASS IDENTITY MATTER?

This chapter in Clark and lipset\u27s book on class in American politics resulted from a multi-day workshop at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in the summer of 1999. The piece reverses the normal causality of class politics. It does not analyze citizens in elections, but government officials creating policies. It asks why policies differ across localities (specifically public transit decisions in 42 U.S. metropolitan areas). It probes how some government officials work with an upper-middle-class citizenry in mind, while others do so less. The chapter then tests for differences across localities and finds quite distinct patterns. The chapter next elaborates specific contours of the American upper middle class, in a creative merging of themes from Thorsein Veblen and David Riesman to current work on public policy

THE NEW PANAMA CANAL IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT

Without the container revolution (1970-present) and its redesign of seaport and maritime-trade infrastructures, globalization as we know it would not exist. With the recent enlargements of the Panama and Suez Canals, many new implications for U.S. economic trade are unfolding. This presentation at the Commonwealth Club of California, outlines recent changes in world trade and infrastructure development, and poses five factors that will likely determine winners and losers in the unfolding developments of this highly competitive world trade-route system

Income inequality and the imprint of globalization on U.S. metropolitan areas

Inequality in metropolitan areas is at least partly framed by a paradoxical triangle of competing constituency motives over resources allocation. Chief among these motives is the penchant for urban economic development, leaving ecological sustainability and socioeconomic equity as “subordinate” considerations. For global cities in particular, understanding inequality in such a context highlights the extraordinary intensity of economic development motives in sustaining their worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative empirical study of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines economic development within a global city that plausibly explains its propensity for heightened income inequality. It applies an empirical-based path analysis in tracing essential workings of the paradoxical triangle in a global city\u27s ongoing struggle to maintain global eminence. As an exploratory inquiry, it examines heightened income inequality as a function of (a) the global city\u27s assemblage of strategic “cornerstone” resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) the concomitant polarizing effect of such assemblage on metropolitan employment structure

TURBULENT TRANSITION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANCE: RELATING POLICY OUTCOMES TO STRATEGIC ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITIES

Much of the literature on public policy with its institutional and legislative emphases conveys the view that organizational effectiveness is primarily dependent on actors external to the agency. That is, laws prescribe programs and operating procedures; overlapping jurisdictions restrict innovative behavior; and the politics o f fund budgeting encourage complacency and incrementalism. This article proposes an alternative set of propositions explaining policy outcomes and agency performance as a function of internal administrative considerations. The propositions are empirically evaluated using data from Pacific Coast port authorities during the "container revolution" and environmental movement. The results suggest that variance in strategic performance can be attributed to (1) perceptions about intergovernmental relations and performance gap, (2) an agency micro-structure for strategic planning and policy analysis, and (3) a set of intervening administrative variables. Copyright 1988 by The Policy Studies Organization.